quick-setting gypsum plaster consisting of a fine, white powder, calcium sulfate hemihydrate (see calcium), which hardens when moistened and allowed to dry. Plaster of paris is prepared by heating calcium sulfate dihydrate, or gypsum, to 120°–180° C (248°–356° F). With an additive to retard the set, it is called wall, or hard-wall, plaster.

Used since ancient times, plaster of paris is so called because gypsum was early used near Paris to make plaster and cement. Plaster of paris is also used to precast and hold parts of ornamental plasterwork placed on ceilings and cornices and is used in medicine to make plaster casts to immobilize broken bones while they heal. Some modern sculptors work directly in plaster of paris. The speed at which the plaster sets gives the work a sense of immediacy and enables the sculptor to achieve the original idea quickly.