town of the Negev, southern Israel, on the main highway from Beersheba (Beʾer Shevaʿ) to Sedom (Sodom). It is named for the biblical city of Dimonah, mentioned (Joshua 15:21–22) as “belonging to…Judah in the extreme South.”

Modern Dimona was established in 1955 as a residential centre for the workers of the Dead Sea Works at Sedom, 29 miles (47 km) east by road. The site was picked largely because of its elevation (about 1,968 feet 【600 metres】 above sea level and almost 3,281 feet 【1,000 metres】 above the Dead Sea) and consequent cool nights. By the 1970s the population of Dimona had greatly exceeded the planned figure of about 5,000. In addition to the employees of the Dead Sea Works, many of whom later moved to ʿArad, several miles closer to Sedom, it houses the workers of the phosphate mines at Oron, 14 miles (23 km) south. Dimona has textile mills, and porcelain articles are also manufactured. Nearby is the Negev Nuclear Research Center, with a 26-megawatt reactor. Dimona is connected to the national railway grid by a line from Beersheba. Inc. 1969. Pop. (2006 est.) 33,400.