city, southeastern São Paulo estado (state), southern Brazil, on the Paraíba do Sul River. Founded in the early 17th century by Jacques Félix on the site of a Guaianases Indian village, it was a starting point for many bandeiras (expeditions into the interior). Formed as the village of São Francisco das Chagas de Taubaté in 1645, it was chartered as a city in 1842 at the onset of the Paraíba valley coffee boom. Remaining an agricultural centre after the boom declined, it also became industrialized. Engines and other automotive parts are manufactured there, and dolomite is quarried nearby. It lies 80 miles (129 km) northeast of São Paulo city, slightly beyond São José dos Campos. The city includes Chácara do Visconde, birthplace of the writer Monteiro Lobato (Monteiro Lobato, José Bento), now a historical museum, and it is the seat of a university (1976). It has a professional football (soccer) club and stadium. Pop. (2005 est.) 251,800.