African-American poet, teacher, director, and playwright and a leading figure in black theatre.

The son of a journalist, Dodson began writing poetry and directing plays while attending Bates College (B.A., 1936) and Yale University (M.F.A., 1939). As a U.S. Navy enlistee during World War II, he wrote naval history plays for black seamen, the verse chorale The Ballad of Dorrie Miller, about an African-American navy hero (1943), and the poem “Black Mother, Praying,” a plea for racial integration. Dodson's black history pageant New World A-Coming was performed at New York's Madison Square Garden in 1944. His first poetry collection, Powerful Long Ladder, appeared in 1946 and was widely praised. The next year he began teaching at Howard University, where he remained until 1979; playwright Amiri Baraka (Baraka, Amiri) and actor Ossie Davis were among his most noted students. Dodson wrote the novels Boy at the Window (1951) and Come Home Early, Child (1977) and 37 plays and opera libretti; his verse dramas Divine Comedy (1938) and Bayou Legend (1948) are especially notable. By Dodson's own account, his best work was The Confession Stone (1970), a song cycle written in the voice of Mary about the life of her son, Jesus; the piece is often performed as an Easter play.