town and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, north-central England. The borough lies in the historic county of Yorkshire, except for the parish of Finningley and an area west of Bawtry, both of which belong to the historic county of Nottinghamshire. At the heart of the metropolitan borough lies historic Doncaster town, on the River Don at the site of Danum, a Roman station. In the Middle Ages Doncaster grew as the market town of a rich agricultural district. Its first royal charter was granted in 1194. In the 19th century it became a major railway junction with large locomotive works. In the 20th century, as coal-mining employment declined, it grew as the service centre for the surrounding communities and acquired many new industries while retaining importance as an agricultural market. Its mansion house (1748) is one of three original mansion houses left in England. The St. Leger classic is run annually in September at the Doncaster racecourse. Besides the town of Doncaster, the borough includes the towns of Conisbrough, Mexborough, Bentley, Adwick-le-Street, and Thorne. Coal mining continues in the borough, which also includes rural villages and areas of open countryside. Area metropolitan borough, 225 square miles (582 square km). Pop. (2001) town, 54,341; (2006 est.) metropolitan borough, 290,300.