city, Houston and Dale counties, seat (1903) of Houston county, southeastern Alabama, U.S., about 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Montgomery. Originally settled as Poplar Head in the early 1800s, the name was changed to Dothan (for a biblical location) in 1885. Cotton was the main crop until it was devastated by boll weevil infestations (1915–16).

Peanut (groundnut) farming is now the economic mainstay of the area, and Dothan is the site of the annual National Peanut Festival (October/November). Services, notably health care, are a major component of the economy; poultry processing and the manufacture of magnetic tapes, tires, and aircraft parts are also important. Fort Rucker is about 20 miles (30 km) to the northwest, near Enterprise. Troy State University Dothan (1974) began in the 1950s as a branch of Troy State University at the fort. Wallace Community College is also in the city. The Wiregrass Museum of Art has a collection of 20th-century art; Landmark Park, just outside the city, preserves the cultural heritage of Alabama's wire grass region and hosts several annual cultural events. Chattahoochee State Park is 25 miles (40 km) southeast. Inc. 1885. Pop. (1990) city, 53,589; Dothan MSA, 130,964; (2000) city, 57,737; Dothan MSA, 137,916.