Dravidian cognates from representative languages

ety. no. DED¹ gloss Tamil Kannada Tulu Telugu Gondi Kui

1 752 'village' b;r b;r b;ru b;ru — —

2 1159a 'eye' ka e47; ka e47; ka e47; e47;&\\#x00ef; kan(n)u kan, ka e5b; kanu

3 1479 'leg' kālu kālu kār&\\#x00ef; kālu kāl kā e0d;u

4 3103 'head' talai tale tar&\\#x00e8; tala talā tlau

5 1977a 'ear' cevi kiwi kebi cewi kewi —

6 2023 'hand' kai kay, key kai cēyi kai kaju

7 4096 'milk' pāl pāl, hāl pēr&\\#x00ef; pālu pāl pā e0d;u

8a 2674a 'salt' uppu uppu uppu uppu — —

8b 2674b 'salty' uvar ogar ubar&\\#x00ef; ogaru sovar, hovar, ovar sāru

9 5159 'river,' 'water' yā e5f;u/ā e5f;u — ār&\\#x00ef; ē e5f;u ēr ēju

10 4111a 'tree' maram, maran mara mara mrānu, mrāku ma e5b;ā, mā e5b;a mrānu

11 183 'mother,' 'woman' ammā am(m)a amma am(m)a ammal ama

12 4149 'child,' 'girl' pi e37; e37;ai pi e37; e37;e pi e37; e37;&\\#x00e8; pilla pil(l)a —

13 4616 'daughter,' 'woman' maka e37; maga e37; maga e37;&\\#x00ef; maguwa miyā e5b; —

14 990d 'one' on e5f;u ondu o&\\#x00f1;ji o e47; e0d;u u e47; e0d; b;,

und b; —

15 480 'two' (n.)

'dual,' 'double' (adj.) ira e47; e6d;u

b;r/ir-u era e0d;u

ir-V ra e0d; e0d;&\\#x00ef;

ir- re e47; e0d;u

b;r/iru ra e47; e0d;

ir- r b; e47; e0d;e

r b;-/ri-

16 5052 'three' (n.)

'triple' (adj.) m b;n e5f;u

m b;-/

muC-² m b; e5f;u

m b;- m b;ji

m b;-/

muC- m b; e47; e0d;u

m b;-/

muC- m b;n e0d;

— m b;nji

m b;-/

mu-

17 5160 'I' (nom.)

'I' (oblique) yān/nān

en(n)- ān/nān

en-/nan- yānu

en-/

ena- ēnu/nēnu

nan-/nā anā/nanā

nā ānu/nānu

nā

18 3684 'thou' (nom.)

'thou' (obl.) n b;

nin- n b;n(u)

ninn- b;

nin- n b;wu

nin-/n b; - nimmā

n b; b;n

n b;

19 1 'he,' 'that'

'man' (nom.) avan avan āye wā e0d;u d;r aanju

20 1957 'to do' cey- key-, gey- gei- cēy-/cey- k b;- ki-

21 4778 'to be,' 'to live'

'house' mannu-

manai —

mane —

man&\\#x00e8; man-

maniki man- man-

22 5270 'to come' var-, vā- bar-, bā- bar- wacc, rā- wāy-, wa e5b;- vā-

23 3263 'to eat' tin-

(tin- e5f;-) tin-

(tin-d-) tin- tin-

(ti e47; - e6d;-) tind (titt-) tin- (tis-)

24 5516 'to hear,' 'to ask' vin-ā — — win

(wi e47; e6d;-) ven-

(vett-) ven-

(ves-)

25 2426 'to die' cā- (cett-) sāy- (satt-) sai- cacc-, ca-, cā- sāy- (sāt-) sā- (sāt-)

ety. no. DED gloss Parji Kolami Kurukh Brahui Proto-Dravidian³

1 752 'village' — b;r — urā * b;r

2 1159a 'eye' kan kan xann xan *ka e47;

3 1479 'leg' kēl kāl — ʔtrikkal *kāl

4 3103 'head' tel tal — — *tal-ay

5 1977a 'ear' ke-kol kev xeb(dā) — *kew-i

6 2023 'hand' key k b; xekkhā — *kay

7 4096 'milk' pēl pāl — pālh *pāl

8a 2674a 'salt' cup sup — — *cup(p)

8b 2674b 'salty' — — — — *cup+ar 【*cuw-ar】

9 5159 'river,' 'water' — — — — *yā e6f;u

10 4111a 'tree' meri māk mann — *mar-am/-an

11 183 'mother,' 'woman' — — — ammā *amm-a

12 4149 'child,' 'girl' ʔ pilla pello pill d;tā *pi e37; e37;-ay

13 4616 'daughter,' 'woman' māl — — — *mak-V-

14 990d 'one' — — d;nd asi e6d; *on- e6f;u

15 480 'two' (n.)

'dual,' 'double' (adj.) ir e0d;u

ir- indi e45;

ir- ē e47; e0d;

ir- ira e6d;

ir- *ir-a- e47; e6d;u

* b;r/*ir-V-

16 5052 'three' (n.)

'triple' (adj.) m b;~nduk

m b;/muy m b;ndi e45;

muy m b;nd

ʔnu- musi e6d;

musi *muH-n e6f;u

*muH-

17 5160 'I' (nom.)

'I' (oblique) ān

an- ān

an- ēn

e e45;g b;

ʔkan- *yān/*&\\#x00f1;ān

*yan-/*&\\#x00f1;an-

18 3684 'thou' (nom.)

'thou' (obl.) b;n

in- —

in- n b;n

ni e45;g n b;

nē-/n- *n b;n

*nin-/*n b;

19 1 'he,' 'that'

'man' (nom.) d;d/ d; e0d; am/amd ās — aw-an e6f;u

20 1957 'to do' ʔkak- key — kē-, kan- *key

21 4778 'to be,' 'to live,' 'house' man- men- man- mann- *man

22 5270 'to come' ver (ve&\\#x00f1;-) vā-, var- bar- bar-, ba-,

bann- *waH-,

*waH-r-

23 3263 'to eat' tin- (tin-d-) tin- (tin-d-) tind- — *tin-

(*tin- e6f;-/- e6f; e6f;-)

24 5516 'to hear,' 'to ask' vin- (vint-) ven-

(vend-) men-

(menj-) bin- (bing-) *win- (*win- e6f;-/- e6f; e6f;-)

25 2426 'to die' cay(ca&\\#x00f1;-) — khēʔe

(kecc-) kah-

(kask-, kas) *caH-/*cāH-

\\>*cay/*cāy-

²C indicates a consonant, V indicates a vowel, and H indicates a laryngeal. Parentheses following verbs contain the past stem, while the symbol \\> indicates that the preceding item was replaced by the item that follows.

³An asterisk * indicates that a preceding word is unattested but has been deduced from attested derivatives.