Tereshkova, Valentina
Soviet cosmonaut
in full Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova
born March 6, 1937, Maslennikovo, Russia, U.S.S.R.
Soviet cosmonaut, the first woman to travel into space. On June 16, 1963, she was launched in the spacecraft Vostok 6, which completed 48 orbits in 71 hours. In space at the same time was Valery F. Bykovsky (Bykovsky, Valery), who had been launched two days earlier in Vostok 5; both landed on June 19.Although she had no pilot training, Tereshkova was an accomplished amateur parachutist and on this basis was accepted for the cosmonaut program when she volunteered in 1961. She left the program just after her flight, and on November 3, 1963, she was married to Andriyan G. Nikolayev (Nikolayev, Andriyan Grigoryevich), another cosmonaut. From 1962 until 1990/91 she was an active member in the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet. She directed the Soviet Women's Committee in 1968, and from 1974 to 1990/91 she served as a member of the Supreme Soviet Presidium. Tereshkova was named a hero of the Soviet Union and was twice awarded the Order of Lenin.
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