French statesman and foreign minister under Napoleon III.

Drouyn de Lhuys was a brilliant student and entered the diplomatic service early. From 1833 to 1836 he distinguished himself as chargé d'affaires at The Hague. He went next to Madrid as first secretary in the embassy, where he became an indispensable agent of French diplomacy.

He ran for office in 1842 and was elected deputy, as he was in 1846 and 1849. When Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte became president, he made Drouyn de Lhuys foreign minister (1848) and then ambassador to London (1849). As ambassador, he averted a rupture with the British over the Don Pacifico affair. In 1851 he was again made foreign minister, but stepped down to become a senator (1852). Later that year Napoleon III once more appointed Drouyn de Lhuys foreign minister, and although he played a part in the conferences of Vienna (1854–55), his term as foreign minister was frustrating. Napoleon III would not accept his advice to form an alliance with Austria; he resigned in 1855. In 1862 Drouyn de Lhuys accepted for the fourth time the ministry of foreign affairs—a term filled with disappointments, owing more to external factors than to any bungling on his part. He tried in vain to reconcile the opposing demands for papal and secular states in Italy and tried without success to limit the growing power of Prussia. Napoleon III did not feel that Prussia was any menace, however, and in disagreement over the problem, Drouyn de Lhuys resigned in 1866. With the outbreak of the Franco-German War (1870), Drouyn de Lhuys left for Jersey. He returned to France but from then on lived a strictly private life.