city, east-central Minas Gerais estado (state), southwestern Brazil. It is located on the Todos os Santos River in the Mucuri River valley, at 1,047 feet (319 metres) above sea level. It was given city status in 1878. Teófilo Otoni is a trade centre for an agricultural hinterland that produces several crops, including coffee. Livestock raising is also of some importance, and the city has manufacturing and food-processing plants. The city is also known for the extensive mining and gem trading for aquamarines, topaz, brazilianite, and various forms of quartz taking place there. It is situated on the Rio-Bahia Interstate Highway and is accessible by rail from Rio de Janeiro and from Belo Horizonte, the state capital, 413 miles (664 km) southwest. Pop. (2005 est.) 101,500.