prima ballerina of the Bolshoi Ballet of Moscow, admired particularly for her technical virtuosity, expressive use of her arms, and ability to integrate acting with dancing.

A niece of the dancers Asaf and Sulamith Messerer, Plisetskaya studied with Paul Gerdt's daughter Yelizaveta and with Agrippina Yakovlevna Vaganova and graduated from the Bolshoi school in 1943. Plisetskaya was noted for her unique, individualistic portrayals in both Soviet and classic ballets; her repertory included Zarema in The Fountain of Bakhchisaray, Laurencia, the Mistress of the Copper Mountain in The Stone Flower, Kitri in Don Quixote, Giselle, Aurora in The Sleeping Beauty, and the dual character Odette-Odile in Swan Lake, frequently considered her greatest role. She performed in a number of countries, including the U.S., India, and China, and was a guest artist with the Paris Opéra in 1961 and 1964. Her performances have been recorded in the films Stars of the Russian Ballet (1953), Swan Lake (1957), and Plisetskaya Dances (1966). In 1964 she received a Lenin Prize for outstanding work in the arts. She appeared in ballets by such non-Soviet choreographers as Roland Petit, Maurice Béjart, and Alberto Alonso. From 1975 she also performed with the Ballet de XXe Siècle of Brussels. Her first choreography was Anna Karenina (1972).