a type of verse in which repetition of the end of a line or stanza imitates an echo. The repetition usually constitutes the entire following line and changes the meaning of the part being repeated. This device was popular in the 16th and 17th centuries in France, England, and Italy, particularly in pastoral poetry (pastoral literature) and drama. The best-known examples are George Herbert (Herbert, George)'s poem “Heaven” and Jonathan Swift (Swift, Jonathan)'s “A Gentle Echo on Woman.”