American music patron who devoted her efforts to creating a government-funded music conservatory in the United States.

Jeannette Meyer was privately educated in New York and Paris. In 1869 she married Francis B. Thurber, a wholesale grocer and later a lawyer. Influenced by her observations of the French system of government-sponsored music education, Thurber soon began working toward such a system for the United States. She began by providing funds for music study abroad for American students.

In 1883 Thurber supported the free young peoples' concerts led by Theodore Thomas (Thomas, Theodore), and in 1884 she sponsored Thomas's first American Richard Wagner (Wagner, Richard) festival. In 1885 she secured a New York state charter for a National Conservatory of Music, under the aegis of which the American School of Opera opened in December 1885. The school's resident company enjoyed artistic success in its two seasons, but it failed financially and was dissolved in June 1887.

Thurber thereafter concentrated her energies on the National Conservatory of Music, which was incorporated by act of Congress in 1891. In 1892 she persuaded composer Antonín Dvořák (Dvořák, Antonín) to serve a three-year term as director of the school. During this period Harry T. Burleigh (Burleigh, Harry Thacker), an African American student who had benefited from the school's nondiscriminatory admissions policy, brought American folk music, particularly plantation songs, to Dvořák's attention. The result of this exposure is evident in several of Dvořák's compositions, notably his Symphony No. 9 in E Minor (From the New World). Despite the school's international reputation, private and public support were not forthcoming, and by 1920 it had ceased being a vital institution.