city, Warmińsko-Mazurskie województwo (province), north-central Poland. It lies along the Elbląg River near the Nogat River, which is the eastern mouth of the Vistula River.

Founded in 1237 by the Teutonic Knights (Teutonic Order), the castle and settlement were granted town rights in 1246 and joined the Hanseatic League in the late 13th century. By 1580 the town had become the chief East Prussian port for trade with England. When silting obstructed Vistula Lagoon, Elbląg was reduced to an inland port. In 1945 during World War II, a great deal of the town was destroyed by the Germans. Elbląg was subsequently rebuilt, although work on constructing the old town portion of the city began much later, in 1991.

Elbląg is a rail junction and port; its economy depends upon metallurgy, heavy-machinery manufacture (including turbines), sawmilling, brewing, and agriculture. The 99-mile- (159-km-) long Elbląg Canal, completed in 1872, connects Elbląg with the inland port of Ostróda to the south. There is a state college that specializes in technical and vocational training. Pop. (2002) 128,134.