quantitative measure of the extent to which an electric field applied to a dielectric material causes polarization, the slight displacement of positive and negative charge within the material. For most linear dielectric materials, the polarization P is directly proportional to the average electric field strength E so that the ratio of the two, P/E, is a constant that expresses an intrinsic property of the material. The electric susceptibility, χ_e, in the centimetre-gram-second (cgs) system, is defined by this ratio; that is, χ_e = P/E. In the metre-kilogram-second (mks) system, electric susceptibility is defined slightly differently by including the constant permittivity of a vacuum, ε₀, in the expression; that is, χ_e = P/(ε₀E). In both systems the electric susceptibility is always a dimensionless positive number. Because of the slight difference in definition, the value of the electric susceptibility of a given material in the mks system is 4π times its value in the cgs system.