premier of the Soviet Union from 1980 to 1985, a staunch Communist Party (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) member closely associated with the former Soviet president and Communist Party chairman Leonid Brezhnev (Brezhnev, Leonid Ilich).

Born into a middle-class Ukrainian family, Tikhonov graduated from the Metallurgical Institute in Dnepropetrovsk in 1930 and later went to work for the Nikopol Pipe Factory in Ukraine, working his way up from engineer to plant manager. As a party member he was also successful, serving as first secretary of the local Dnepropetrovsk committee from 1947 to 1950 and later becoming first a deputy minister and then a minister in Moscow in the late 1950s, overseeing economic affairs. In 1963 he became deputy chairman of the State Planning Committee; and in 1965, after Brezhnev became party leader, he was named deputy prime minister. Although he did not become a member of the Politburo until late in 1979, he was chosen to succeed the ailing Aleksey Kosygin (Kosygin, Aleksey Nikolayevich) as premier of the Soviet Union just two months before Kosygin's death in December 1980. Regarded as a loyal and dutiful but not particularly effective premier, the ailing Tikhonov retired from his post as premier in 1985, but he remained a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party until mid-1989, when he was ousted.