Greek statesman and general who championed the Greeks of Sicily against the rule of tyrants and against Carthage.

When, in 344, aristocrats of Syracuse appealed to their mother city of Corinth against their tyrant Dionysius II, Timoleon was chosen to lead a liberation force to Sicily. Twenty years earlier he had abetted the killing of his own brother, Timophanes, who had made himself tyrant of Corinth. Landing at Tauromenium (Taormina) in the summer of 344, Timoleon faced two armies, one under Dionysius and the other under Hicetas (tyrant of nearby Leontini), who had called in Carthaginian forces. By shrewd tactics Timoleon defeated his enemies and occupied Syracuse. He introduced a mixed constitution as a safeguard against tyranny and invited new settlers from Greece.

About 341 renewed warfare ended with Hicetas' final defeat and execution. A treaty was concluded confining the Carthaginians to the area west of the Halycus (Platani) River. The remaining Greek tyrannies on the island collapsed, and there followed a brief revival of prosperity for the Greek cities of Sicily. In 337 or 336 Timoleon retired to private life. He became blind some time before his death but continued to attend the assembly and offer his opinion, which was usually accepted by a unanimous vote.