either of two New Testament writings addressed to Timothy, one of Paul's most faithful coworkers. They (and the Letter of Paul to Titus) have been called Pastoral Epistles since the end of the 18th century, because all three deal principally with church administration and the growth of heresies. The interpretation of the letters depends in part on who actually wrote them. The majority of scholars doubt Paul's authorship of the letters but vigorously dispute to what degree they reflect Pauline ministry. Those who regard the epistles as not Pauline date them between AD 80 and 100.

The First Letter of Paul to Timothy insists on the need to shun unorthodox teachings and dangerous speculations and reiterates the qualities expected of bishops and deacons. It exhorts Timothy to fulfill his duties faithfully and to instill in his congregation traditional beliefs, notions of proper conduct, and respect for one another.

The Second Letter of Paul to Timothy similarly urges Timothy to “guard the truth that has been entrusted to you by the Holy Spirit” and to accept his share of suffering “as a good soldier of Christ Jesus.” He is further admonished to “have nothing to do with stupid, senseless controversies” and to avoid “men of corrupt mind and counterfeit faith.” Toward the end, the letter mentions many individuals by name, some dear friends, others who wrought harm. Timothy is asked to visit soon, even though the writer believes he is “on the point of being sacrificed.”