German politician who became the leader of the Social Democratic Party (Social Democratic Party of Germany) (SPD) in 1991.

Although born in Germany, Engholm was of Swedish descent. He was educated at the University of Hamburg and worked as a printer before becoming a freelance journalist and lecturer in 1964. He joined the SPD in 1962 and was first elected to the National Assembly ( Bundestag) in 1969, winning reelection successively thereafter. In 1981–82 he was minister of education and science in the government of his mentor, SPD leader Helmut Schmidt (Schmidt, Helmut). After the Schmidt government fell from power in 1982, Engholm ran unsuccessfully for prime minister of his home state of Schleswig-Holstein in 1983 and 1987 before winning a second, special election to that post late in 1987. In 1990 Engholm was chosen to succeed Hans-Jochen Vogel as chairman of the SPD, his appointment confirmed in a party conference in 1991. He was forced to resign, however, following an election scandal in 1993.