city, southeastern Ukraine. The settlement was established as Oleksiyivka by runaway serfs in the 1770s and expanded with the growth of coal mining in the 1860s. In 1867 it was renamed Chystyakove; in 1964 it became Torez in honour of the recently deceased French Communist Party leader Maurice Thorez (Thorez, Maurice). Torez was a typical coal-mining city of the Donets Basin coalfield, but in Soviet times its industrial base was considerably widened. It became a centre for engineering industries, especially electrical engineering, and for the production of building materials. Pop. (2005 est.) 66,446.