请输入您要查询的百科知识:

 

词条 epoxide
释义
epoxide
chemical compound
cyclic ether with a three-membered ring. The basic structure of an epoxide contains an oxygen atom attached to two adjacent carbon atoms of a hydrocarbon.
The strain of the three-membered ring makes an epoxide much more reactive than a typical acyclic ether. Ethylene oxide is economically the most important epoxide and is made from oxidation of ethylene over a silver catalyst. It is used as a fumigant and to make antifreeze, ethylene glycol, and other useful compounds.
More-complex epoxides are commonly made by the epoxidation of alkenes (olefin), often using a peroxyacid (RCO3H) to transfer an oxygen atom.
Another important industrial route to epoxides requires a two-step process. First, an alkene is converted to a chlorohydrin, and second, the chlorohydrin is treated with a base to eliminate hydrochloric acid, giving the epoxide; this is the method used to make propylene oxide.
Epoxides are easily opened, under acidic or basic conditions, to give a variety of products with useful functional groups (functional group). For example, the acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of propylene oxide gives propylene glycol.
Epoxides can be used to assemble polymers (polymer) known as epoxies, which are excellent adhesives and useful surface coatings. The most common epoxy resin is formed from the reaction of epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A.
Leroy G. Wade, Jr.
随便看

 

百科全书收录100133条中英文百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容开放、自由的电子版百科全书。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/4/5 18:39:35