West Germanic language (West Germanic languages) of South Africa, developed from 17th-century Dutch (Dutch language), sometimes called Netherlandic, by the descendants of European (Dutch, German, and French) colonists, indigenous Khoisan peoples, and African and Asian slaves in the Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope. Afrikaans and English (English language) are the only Indo-European languages among the many official languages of South Africa. Although Afrikaans is very similar to Dutch, it is clearly a separate language, differing from Standard Dutch in its sound system and its loss of case and gender distinctions.

Afrikaans was adopted for use in schools in 1914 and in the Dutch Reformed Church (Dutch Reformed Church in Africa) in 1919. A distinct Afrikaans literature has evolved during the 20th century, and the first complete translation of the Bible into Afrikaans was published in 1933.