British naturalist and son of Charles I's naturalist and gardener, also John Tradescant, whom he succeeded in the same post.

Tradescant added to his father's collection of natural history objects, ultimately forming a significant collection acquired principally from Algiers and Virginia. After the younger Tradescant's death, it was eventually given to an acquaintance, Elias Ashmole. He in turn gave it to the University of Oxford in 1683, founding thereby the Ashmolean Museum, the first scientific museum in England established on a substantial basis. The Tradescant collection was the first collection of natural history objects of such quantity and quality assembled in England.