motion-picture director whose films deal with Soviet problems.

Ermler studied at the Leningrad Institute of Screen Arts. He directed his first film in 1927 and then earned critical notice for Parizhsky sapozhnik (1928; The Parisian Cobbler). Other major films include Oblomok imperii (1929; Fragment of an Empire), a classic of Soviet silent films that views the changes in Russia through the eyes of a man who had lost, then regained, his memory; Krestyanye (1935; Peasants), also a classic, a grand-scale film on collectivization that mirrors peasant folkways with warmth and sympathy; Veliky grazhdanin (Part 1, 1937, Part 2, 1939; The Great Citizen), dealing with interparty conflicts; and Veliky perelom (1946; The Great Turning Point), extolling Stalin's leadership of the Red Army. His final film, Pered sudom istorii (1965; Before the Judgment of History), examines a former White Russian's view of the fall of the Russian Empire and the events of the Revolution.