Estimated Roma Population of Europe: 1939, 1945, and 1998

Country 1939 1945 1998

Romania 300,000 (. . .)¹ 2,341,000

Yugoslavia 100,000 (. . .)²

Serbia and Montenegro 444,000

Macedonia 349,000

Croatia 57,000

Bosnia and Herzegovina 49,000

Slovenia 12,000

Bulgaria 80,000 (. . .)³ 892,000

Spain & Portugal (. . .) (. . .)³ 786,000

Czechoslovakia

Slovakia 80,000 (. . .)⁴ 598,000

Czech Republic 10,000 c. 200-300 319,000

U.S.S.R. including 600,000-

Baltic States 207,000 (. . .)⁵ 1,000,000⁶

Hungary 100,000 (. . .)⁷ 585,000

France 40,000 c. 13,000 310,000

Greece (. . .) (. . .)³ 183,000

Germany 18,800 000000⁸ 123,000

Austria 11,200 000000⁸ 23,000

Albania 20,000 (. . .)³ 123,000

Italy 25,000 (. . .)³ 97,000

British Isles (. . .) (. . .)³ 89,000

Poland 20,000 c. 6, 000 77,000

Low Countries 1,200 (. . .)³ 50,000

Scandinavia (. . .) (. . .)⁹ 43,000⁹

Switzerland 4,200 (. . .)³ (. . .)

Total 1,017,400 c. 417,000- 8,150,000-

797,000 8,550,000

(. . . ) - insufficient data

● ¹No outright extermination policy, but tens of thousands met their death through expulsion.

● ²Unknown number of 30,000 Croatian and Bosnian Roma murdered at Jasenovac concentration camp, Croatia.

● ³Roma population not deported.

● ⁴Hundreds of Roma murdered in pogromlike rampages by fascists.

● ⁵Many nomadic Roma murdered by Nazi secret army field police; sedentary Roma treated as citizens of country.

● ⁶International Federation for Human Rights, The Roma of Russia (November 2004); estimate is for all countries of the former Soviet Union.

● ⁷31,000 deported to camps; 3,000 returned from camps.

● ⁸Combined total for Germany and Austria in 1945 was c. 7,000.

● ⁹Excludes Norway.

Principal sources: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (for 1939 data), Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (for most 1945 data), European Roma Rights Centre (for most 1998 data). Note: 1998 population estimates of the European Roma Rights Centre are higher than most official country census estimates.