porous, friable, microcrystalline siliceous rock of sedimentary origin that is composed chiefly of chalcedony and microcrystalline quartz. Although the name tripoli was chosen because of the rock's superficial resemblance to tripolite, a diatomite or from Tripolitania region, Libya, the term does not include diatomite, or hardened diatomaceous earth. Some tripoli is a coherent residuum from leached limestone, dolomite, or chert; other examples probably are colloidal silica that has been leached from other rocks and earth, gathered together in lumps, and partly recrystallized. The friable variety is more typical. The chemical composition is usually more than 95 percent silica (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), but the impurities may impart desirable physical properties.

Tripoli is used mainly as a filler for paints, plastics, and rubber. It is also used as an abrasive in polishing or buffing compounds and hand soaps. Commercial tripoli powder is finely pulverized, much of it being reduced below 0.001 cm (0.0004 inch) in diameter.