city, southeastern Hidalgo estado (state), north-central Mexico. Tulancingo lies along the Río Grande de Tulancingo, at 7,290 feet (2,222 m) above sea level. It was taken from the Toltec Indians by the Spaniards in the 1520s. The city, which contains several colonial churches, became the seat of a bishopric in 1862. It is an agricultural (barley and alfalfa) and industrial centre and has several woolen mills. Lying east of Pachuca, the state capital, and northeast of Mexico City, it can be reached by railroad and by air as well as by road. Pop. (2000) city, 94,637; (2005) urban agglom., 204,708.