city, Valle del Cauca departamento, western Colombia. The site, originally settled by the Putimáes Indians, was called Villa de Jerez by early explorers. The Indians resisted all Spanish attempts at conquest from that of Bartolomé Giraldo Gil de Estupiñán in 1556 until subdued by Juan de Lemos y Aguirre in 1636. The latter established a large cattle ranch called Tuluá, from which he administered the outlying regions. After constant petitioning, in 1814 Tuluá won municipal status, discarding its former designation as an Indian village, although it retained its Indian name. Its economy has remained basically agricultural; beef, milk, yeast, and foodstuffs are produced. An annual fair is held to display prize cattle and industrial goods. The city is located on the Pan-American Highway and the Puerto Berrío-Popayán railroad. Pop. (2007 est.) 166,223.