city, capital of Limpopo province, South Africa. It is located about midway between Pretoria and the Zimbabwe border, at an elevation of 4,199 feet (1,280 metres). It was founded by Voortrekkers (Voortrekker) (Afrikaans: “Pioneers”) in 1886 on land purchased in 1884 from a local farmer and named Pietersburg in honour of Petrus (Piet) Joubert (Joubert, Petrus Jacobus), a Boer general. It was the temporary capital in 1900 of both the Transvaal and the Orange Free State during the South African War (1899–1902), and the British occupied Pietersburg in 1901. In 2002 the city's name was changed to Polokwane (Sotho: “Place of Safety”).

Polokwane is now a centre of trade for the surrounding agricultural area, which produces potatoes, alfalfa (lucerne), garlic, corn (maize), sorghum, peanuts (groundnuts), and fruits and includes some of the finest cattle ranches in South Africa. It is the largest urban area in Limpopo province and is an educational centre. The University of Limpopo (dating to 1959) has a campus at Turfloop, 14 miles (22.5 km) east of Polokwane.

Industries in the city produce processed meat, asbestos and corundum products, dairy products, fruit juice, mineral waters, and candy. To the south of the city, there is a nature reserve and recreation park. Polokwane has an international airport and major road and railway connections with the South Africa–Zimbabwe border (north) and with Johannesburg. Pop. (2001) mun., 508,277.