city, southern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies southeast of Kanpur, on a major road and rail line to Allahabad. Fatehpur is an agricultural trade centre with some industry. The city was founded by Pashtuns (Pashtun) (Pathans) in the 15th century; it came under the control of several dynasties until it was ceded to the British East India Company by the nawab of Oudh (1801). It contains a mosque and tombs of historical interest. Along the road west of the city stand four great masonry pillars erected in the 19th century. Crops grown in the surrounding area include grains, cotton, sugarcane, and oilseeds. Pop. (2001) 152,078.