American painter, draughtsman, and sculptor whose work reflects a lifelong consideration of the expressive possibilities of mark making.

From 1948 to 1951 Twombly studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Va., and at the Art Students League in New York City (where he met Robert Rauschenberg (Rauschenberg, Robert)). With Rauschenberg, Twombly attended Black Mountain College in North Carolina in the summer of 1951, and Twombly and Rauschenberg traveled together in Italy and North Africa in 1951–53. After a few years of living and working in New York, Twombly moved to Italy in 1957 and made Rome his primary residence.

Following some early experiments in an Abstract Expressionist (Abstract Expressionism) vein, Twombly began to use the calligraphic and sometimes graffiti-like repetitive and scumbled marks and gestures on canvas and paper for which he is best known. In a work such as The Italians (1961), Twombly made seemingly random and scrawled marks with oil paint, pencil, and crayon, as if pursuing a kind of abstract and gestural handwriting in a stream of consciousness. Closer examination, though, reveals this artist's wide range of choices and emphases, with alternating and interwoven episodes of tension and release and frenetic activity and moments of calm. Many of his sculptures and paintings allude to Classical subjects and often include snippets of handwritten text.

Twombly had retrospectives of his work at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York in 1979 and at the Museum of Modern Art (Modern Art, Museum of) in New York in 1994, and the Cy Twombly Gallery was opened at the Menil Collection in Houston in 1995. In 1996 Twombly received a Praemium Imperiale award, presented by the Japan Art Association to “artists who have contributed significantly to the development of international arts and culture.”