king of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975, an influential figure of the Arab world who was a critic not only of Israel but of Soviet influence in the Middle East.

Fayṣal was a son of King Ibn Saʿūd and a brother of King Saʿūd. He was appointed foreign minister and viceroy of Hejaz in 1926 after his father conquered that province, in which lies the holy city of Mecca. In 1934 he led a victorious campaign against Yemen. He represented Saudi Arabia at the United Nations Conference of 1945 and was later ambassador to the UN General Assembly.

After Saʿūd's accession in 1953, Fayṣal became crown prince and foreign minister. In 1958, during an economic crisis, Saʿūd gave him full executive powers. Fayṣal resigned in 1960 but returned in 1962, and in March 1964 he assumed all powers as viceroy. Saʿūd was deposed by religious leaders, senior members of the ruling family, and the Council of Ministers, and Fayṣal became king in November 1964.

Domestically, Fayṣal was much more active than his predecessors in economic and educational programs. Although he supported Yemeni royalist forces in their unsuccessful resistance to republicanism, he joined the Arab states in the Arab–Israeli war of 1967. Though in failing health, he remained active in his office until he was shot to death by his nephew Prince Fayṣal ibn Musad ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. King Fayṣal was succeeded by his half brother Crown Prince Khālid ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz as-Saʿūd (Khālid).