Feydeau was the son of the novelist Ernest Feydeau, the author of the novel Fanny (1858). The younger Feydeau was an able actor and director and wrote 39 plays between 1881 and 1916. Working in the tradition of the late 19th-century comic-dramatist Eugène Labiche, he took the farce to new heights on the French stage. Though not a serious social critic, he made satiric capital out of every new fashion while continuing to exploit all the traditional butts of broad and undemanding comedy—cuckolds, silly wives, foreigners, the aged, and the deformed.

To a greater degree than earlier authors of farces, Feydeau made use of complicated mechanical props and elaborate stage settings. But, above all, his farces depend for their success on their plots. These are masterpieces of improbable contrivance, usually dependent on far-fetched cases of mistaken identity and worked out in great detail without any consequent loss of speed. Feydeau's favourite theme was the anxious and comic efforts of an unfaithful wife or husband to conceal amorous escapades, and his favourite comic device was the meeting of characters who are particularly desirous of avoiding each other. Among his plays are La Dame de chez Maxim (1899; The Girl from Maxim's), La Puce à l'oreille (1907; A Flea in Her Ear), and Occupe-toi d'Amélie! (1908; Keep an Eye on Amélie!). Feydeau's farces have maintained their place in the repertory of the Comédie-Française in Paris and are also often performed in English-speaking countries.