English historian noted for his work on 17th-century English history.

Firth was educated at Clifton and at New College and Balliol College, Oxford. He settled in Oxford in 1883 and lived there for the rest of his life. For many years he worked with S.R. Gardiner and produced many historical studies on the Commonwealth in England under Oliver Cromwell. Several of his books achieved wide popularity, including Oliver Cromwell (1900), Cromwell's Army (1902), and The Last Years of the Protectorate (1909), which was a continuation of Gardiner's work. Firth was regius professor of modern history at Oxford from 1904 to 1925 and was knighted in 1922. He was active in many fields, helping to launch the English Historical Review in 1886 and becoming president of the Royal Historical Society (1913–17) and president of the Historical Association (1906–10 and 1918–20). He also edited Lord Macaulay's History of England and gave much help and advice to other historians in their own researches.