prime minister of Ireland (1981–82, 1982–87), as leader of the Fine Gael party in coalition with the Labour Party.

FitzGerald was born into a political family of revolutionary persuasions during the infancy of the Irish Free State. He was educated at University College and King's Inns, Dublin, and in 1959 became an economics lecturer in the department of political economy at University College, Dublin. He was elected to the Dáil (parliament) in 1969; and he later gave up his university lectureship to become minister of foreign affairs in the coalition government of Prime Minister Liam Cosgrave (1973–77). When the coalition government was resoundingly defeated in the general elections of 1977, Cosgrave yielded leadership of Fine Gael to FitzGerald, who proceeded to modernize and strengthen the party at the grass roots. In his prime ministry, FitzGerald pushed for liberalization of Irish laws on divorce, abortion, and contraception and also strove to build bridges to the Protestants in Northern Ireland. In 1985 he and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher signed the Hillsborough (or Anglo-Irish) Accord, giving Ireland a consultative role in the governing of Northern Ireland. After his party lost in the election of 1987, he resigned as its leader.

FitzGerald is author of a number of books, including Planning in Ireland (1968), Towards a New Ireland (1972), and Unequal Partners (1979).