English poet and author, and father of the poets Phineas Fletcher (Fletcher, Phineas) and Giles Fletcher the Younger (Fletcher, Giles, the Younger); his writings include an account of his visit to Russia.

Educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, Fletcher was employed on diplomatic service in Scotland, Germany, and Holland. In 1588 he was sent to Russia to the court of the tsar, Fyodor I, with instructions to conclude an alliance between England and Russia, to restore English trade, and to obtain better conditions for the English Muscovy Company. He returned to England in 1589 and in 1591 published Of the Russe Common Wealth, a comprehensive account of Russian geography, government, law, methods of warfare, church, and manners. In 1610 Fletcher was employed to negotiate with Denmark on behalf of the merchants of the Eastland Company.

Of the Russe Common Wealth was issued in an abridged form in Richard Hakluyt's The principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoveries (2nd ed., 1598); in Purchas His Pilgrimes (1625); and as History of Russia in 1643. Fletcher also wrote a sonnet sequence, Licia (1593).