division of middle and upper Oligocene (Oligocene Epoch) rocks in central Colorado, U.S. (The Oligocene Epoch lasted from 33.7 to 23.8 million years ago.) It overlies the White River Group. Named for the nearby town of Florissant (French: “flowering”), which was so named by an early settler for his hometown in Missouri, the formation consists of shales that contain a rich and varied fossil assemblage. Many kinds of Oligocene plants are represented there, including petrified redwood stumps and the leaves and twigs of poplars, beechlike trees, and sycamores. These remains represent a temperate upland forest that existed in the region during the Oligocene. The fine-grained sediments preserved an excellent documented record of Oligocene insects and spiders. The Florissant Formation contains the only fossil record of the tsetse fly, as well as some mammalian and aquatic fossils. The formation is preserved as Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, established in 1969.