Scottish botanist and traveler. He was employed by the Edinburgh Botanical Garden and afterward in the Royal Horticultural Society's garden at Chiswick. Upon the termination of the first Opium War (Opium Wars) in 1842, he was sent out by the society to collect plants in China. Another journey, undertaken in 1848 on behalf of the East India Company, had much more important consequences, occasioning the successful introduction into India of the tea plant in 1851. In 1853 he visited the island of Formosa (Taiwan), where he observed the manufacture of rice paper, and about the same time he made several visits to Japan, where he collected various plant specimens. He described the culture of the silkworm in A Residence Among the Chinese (1857). His travels resulted in the introduction into Europe of many trees, shrubs, and beautiful flowers, some of which bear his name, including Chamoerops fortunei, Wigela rosea, Daphne fortunei, Jasminium nudiflorum, Skimmia japonica fortunei, Berberis japonica, and Dicentra spectabilis. He related stories of his travels in a succession of interesting books, including Yeddo and Peking (1863).