city, seat (1839) of Crawford county, western Arkansas, U.S., on the Arkansas River opposite Fort Smith. The site, settled (1818) by Thomas Martin, was later called Phillips Landing (for Thomas Phillips, who bought land rights there in 1836). In 1838 it was renamed for U.S. President Martin Van Buren (Van Buren, Martin). It developed as a trading post and “fitting-out” centre for settlers moving to the West; after 1873 it became a railroad junction point for river traffic. Natural gas, discovered in the 1900s, attracted smelters and glass factories. Parts of Ozark National Forest (Ozark–Saint Francis National Forest) lie to the north, and lumbering was once significant. Economic activities now focus mainly on the processing and shipping of food products, especially poultry and vegetables. Cyrus Adler (Adler, Cyrus), a Jewish educator, was born in Van Buren, which was also the boyhood home of humorist Bob Burns, who invented the musical instrument known as the “ bazooka”; the shoulder-held rocket launcher widely used during World War II acquired its popular name from its resemblance to the instrument. Inc. 1845. Pop. (1990) 14,979; (2000) 18,986.