In men's vaulting the horse was placed lengthwise, and the vaulting table is placed in that same position whether for men or for women. For men the height of the apparatus is 1.35 metres (4.43 feet) measured from the floor. A Reuther board (also called a beatboard), a special type of springboard developed in Germany, is placed in front of the near end of the apparatus. The gymnast takes a run, gathers momentum as he or she nears the apparatus, rebounds off the springboard, and, with hands on the apparatus, vaults over it. A variety of tricks may be performed, such as vaulting over with straddled legs, with legs together and bent into a squatting position, or with legs straight and the hips bent, as well as handsprings, cartwheels, and other more difficult movements. Each vault is evaluated according to a table of standards of difficulty.

The women's vaulting horse was the same as the men's except that it was lower and was placed sideways instead of lengthwise. Women also used the springboard and performed vaults similar to those done by men, except that the vault was much shorter, since it was performed over the width of the horse rather than its length. For women the vaulting table is 1.25 metres (4.10 feet) high.

Vaulting has been an Olympic (Olympic Games) event for men since the modern Games began in 1896. Women have competed individually in the event since 1952.