city, northwestern Costa Rica. It lies in the Valle Central at an elevation of 3,141 feet (957 metres). Known in colonial days as Villahermosa, the town was active in support of independence from Spain in 1821; five years later it suffered from a plot to restore Spanish control over Costa Rica. For a brief period in the 1830s Alajuela served as the nation's capital. It was the home of Juan Santamaría, a Costa Rican soldier and hero of the defense against the invasion by the American filibuster (military adventurer) William Walker (Walker, William) in 1856. The local Cultural Historical Museum is named in Santamaría's honour, as is the country's principal airport, which is located 2 miles (3 km) from Alajuela. A slightly lower elevation and a warmer climate, as compared with San José 12.5 miles (20 km) to the southeast, give Alajuela the air of a resort. Called the City of Mangoes, it is also known for its flowers and markets. Pop. (2005) 48,524.