Australian author of historical fiction who wrote from feminist and nationalist perspectives.

Franklin grew up in isolated bush regions of New South Wales that were much like the glum setting of her first novel, My Brilliant Career (1901; filmed 1980), with its discontented, often disagreeable pioneer characters; yet, she was passionately attached to these regions. Franklin's feminism and her outright rejection of traditional women's roles made her books controversial in Australia. In fact, the book My Career Goes Bung, the sequel to her first novel, was judged so audacious that it was not published until 1946. In 1906 she moved to the United States, where she worked as an editor and as secretary for the Women's Trade Union League. The novel Some Everyday Folk and Dawn was published in 1909. She moved to England in 1915 and served as a nurse during World War I.

Returning to Australia in 1927, Franklin published six chronicle novels of pioneer years in Australia, using the pseudonym Brent of Bin Bin: Up the Country (1928), Ten Creeks Run (1930), Back to Bool Bool (1931), Prelude to Waking (1950), Cockatoos (1954), and Gentlemen at Gyang Gyang (1956). She also wrote five more novels under her own name, including All That Swagger (1936), noted for its portrayal of the barrenness of bush life. She bequeathed her estate to found the prestigious Miles Franklin Award for Australian fiction.