king of Sicily from 1296, who strengthened the Aragonese interest there against the Angevins of Naples.

Appointed regent of Sicily by his brother, James II of Aragon, in 1291, Frederick was elected king by the Sicilian parliament (Dec. 11, 1295), to prevent the island's return to the rule of the Angevin Charles II of Naples; he was crowned on March 25, 1296. To revive the Ghibelline tradition of the Holy Roman emperors Frederick I and II, he called himself Frederick III, though he was in fact only the second Frederick to reign in Sicily. A war with Naples and the papacy followed. By the Peace of Caltabellotta (Aug. 31, 1302), it was agreed that Frederick should retain Sicily with the title of “king of Trinacria” until his death, when the island would revert to the Angevins.

When hostilities broke out again in 1310, Frederick reassumed the title “king of Sicily” and had his son Peter designated as his successor, thus ensuring the continuance of Aragonese rule in Sicily.