Austrian historian who combined historical studies with a keen interest in pan-Germanic politics.

Friedjung studied at Prague, Berlin, and Vienna, attended the Institute of Austrian Historical Research (1871–75), and taught at the Commercial Academy in Vienna (1873–79). Friedjung favoured close economic and social connections between Austria and Germany and was unsympathetic to Slav and Hungarian nationalist movements in Austria-Hungary. He also wanted a centralized and liberal government. His The Settlement with Hungary (1877), based on these views, led to his dismissal from the Commercial Academy. He then became a political journalist, associated with the nationalist Georg von Schönerer (Schönerer, Georg, Ritter von) until Schönerer's anti-Semitism made him break away (Friedjung was Jewish). He also continued his historical studies and writing, his chief historical work being The Struggle for Supremacy in Germany (1897–98; 10th ed. 1916–17).

During the Bosnian Crisis of 1909, Friedjung published an article based on documents supplied by the Austrian foreign office accusing leaders of the Serbo-Croatian movement of treasonable practices. The men who were attacked sued Friedjung, and the subsequent trial showed that the documents were forgeries. Friedjung had used them in good faith but without adequate scrutiny, and his reputation as a historian suffered.