conservation area covering nearly two-thirds of the island of St. John, in the U.S. Virgin Islands, West Indies. The park (area 14,696 ac 【5,947 ha】) has steep mountains, deep valleys, white beaches, and coral reefs. Most of the tree cover was removed for sugarcane cultivation in the 17th and early 18th centuries, but when the plantations were abandoned the land reverted to forest. The relatively moist interior highlands are dominated by evergreen hardwoods, and the drier slopes by broad-leaved forests, but only a few tropical plants have become established, the most prominent of which are figs, mahogany, cinnamon-bay, mango, guava, breadfruit, mangrove, hibiscus, frangipani, and bougainvillea. Most of the 100 species of birds are land birds, but some herons, egrets, and pelicans can be found. The only native land mammal is the bat; the mongoose was introduced from Europe to control rodents and snakes. The original inhabitants, the peaceful, agricultural Arawak Indians, have left remains of villages and some rock carvings.