city, (metropolis) (Tokyo), Honshu, Japan, on the Tama-gawa (Tama River). The capital of Musashi Province about the 7th century AD, it flourished as a post town and regional commercial and administrative centre. Fuchū declined when it was bypassed by the railway between Tokyo and Tachikawa (1889), but it revived with the arrival of two other railways in the late 1920s and the construction of the Tokyo Race Course in 1933.

During World War II, army installations were converted into metal-producing plants; heavy industrialization has since steadily continued. Fuchū houses the headquarters of Japan's Air Self-Defense Force and serves as a residential suburb of the Tokyo–Yokohama Metropolitan Area. Its population almost doubled between 1960 and 1970; the rate of population growth slowed after 1970. Pop. (2005) 245,623.