fungus gnat
insect
also called mushroom fly or dark-winged fungus gnat
any member of two families of insects in the fly order, Diptera, that are small and mosquito-like with maggots (larvae) that feed on fungi. In Sciaridae, the dark-winged fungus gnat family, the eyes of the adults almost touch, and the wings are usually dusky. The creamy-white or gray larvae of the genus Sciara may travel in large groups, migrating in snakelike lines 1 cm (0.4 inch) deep in search of food or when ready to enter a resting stage (pupa). Some species of Sciara and some mycetophilids attack mushroom beds and have been known to completely destroy them; S. tritici damages the roots of wheat.The family Mycetophilidae contains only a few injurious species. The wingless adult female of Pnyxia scabiei bores into potato tubers and causes scabs. Platyura larvae are predatory, feeding on small insects and worms that are killed by oxalic acid secreted on the loose, slimy webs that the larvae secrete. Larvae of several species are luminous (bioluminescence). One of these, Arachnocampa luminosa, is found in caves in New Zealand. It spins webs with hanging sticky strands to catch flying insects for food.
Some fungus gnats can be pests in indoor plants because they can develop in the moist environment in potted soil and emerge in large numbers.