Cuban poet, anthologist, critic, and scholar of Cuban poetry.

Vitier began as a writer of extremely difficult, hermetic poetry. His poetry until Canto Llano (1954; “Clear Song”) was primarily concerned with the nature of poetry, the function of memory, and the intricate role of language in the creative process. The essay “Poética” (1961) is a lucid exposition of his artistic credo. With the advent of Fidel Castro's revolution, Vitier radically changed his poetic style. His poems became direct, clear, and accessible to most readers. Some critics assert that he captured the spirit of the revolution without resorting to propaganda. His poetic work was collected in Vísperas (1953; “Vespers”) and Testimonios (1968).

Vitier compiled three anthologies of Cuban poetry, and his study Lo cubano en la poesía (1958; “The Cuban in Poetry”) reveals the depth of his critical intuition. His literary essays, especially those on the works of José Martí (Martí, José Julián), contributed to his reputation as one of the most important and influential scholars of Latin American literature.