Popes and antipopes¹

antipopes in italics

Peter (Peter the Apostle, Saint) ?-c. 64

Linus (Linus, Saint) c. 67-76/79

Anacletus (Anacletus, Saint) 76-88 or 79-91

Clement I (Clement I Saint) 88-97 or 92-101

Evaristus (Evaristus, Saint) c. 97-c. 107

Alexander I (Alexander I, Saint) 105-115 or 109-119

Sixtus I (Sixtus I, Saint) c. 115-c. 125

Telesphorus (Telesphorus, Saint) c. 125-c. 136

Hyginus (Hyginus, Saint) c. 136-c. 140

Pius I (Pius I, Saint) c. 140-155

Anicetus (Anicetus, Saint) c. 155-c. 166

Soter (Soter, Saint) c. 166-c. 175

Eleutherius (Eleutherius, Saint) c. 175-189

Victor I (Victor I, Saint) c. 189-199

Zephyrinus (Zephyrinus, Saint) c. 199-217

Calixtus I (Calixtus I, Saint) (Callistus) 217?-222

Hippolytus (Hippolytus of Rome, Saint) 217/218-235

Urban I (Urban I, Saint) 222-230

Pontian (Pontian, Saint) 230-235

Anterus (Anterus, Saint) 235-236

Fabian (Fabian, Saint) 236-250

Cornelius (Cornelius, Saint) 251-253

Novatian 251

Lucius I (Lucius I, Saint) 253-254

Stephen I (Stephen I, Saint) 254-257

Sixtus II (Sixtus II, Saint) 257-258

Dionysius (Dionysius, Saint) 259-268

Felix I (Felix I, Saint) 269-274

Eutychian (Eutychian, Saint) 275-283

Gaius (Gaius, Saint) 283-296

Marcellinus (Marcellinus, Saint) 291/296-304

Marcellus I (Marcellus I, Saint) 308-309

Eusebius (Eusebius, Saint) 309/310

Miltiades (Miltiades, Saint) (Melchiades) 311-314

Sylvester I (Sylvester I, Saint) 314-335

Mark (Mark, Saint) 336

Julius I (Julius I, Saint) 337-352

Liberius 352-366

Felix (II) 355-358

Damasus I (Damasus I Saint) 366-384

Ursinus 366-367

Siricius (Siricius, Saint) 384-399

Anastasius I (Anastasius I, Saint) 399-401

Innocent I (Innocent I, Saint) 401-417

Zosimus (Zosimus, Saint) 417-418

Boniface I (Boniface I, Saint) 418-422

Eulalius 418-419

Celestine I (Celestine I, Saint) 422-432

Sixtus III (Sixtus III, Saint) 432-440

Leo I (Leo I, Saint) 440-461

Hilary (Hilary, Saint) 461-468

Simplicius (Simplicius, Saint) 468-483

Felix III (or II) (Felix III, Saint)² 483-492

Gelasius I (Gelasius I, Saint) 492-496

Anastasius II 496-498

Symmachus (Symmachus, Saint) 498-514

Laurentius 498, 501-c. 505/507

Hormisdas (Hormisdas, Saint) 514-523

John I (John I, Saint) 523-526

Felix IV (or III) (Felix IV, Saint)² 526-530

Dioscorus 530

Boniface II 530-532

John II 533-535

Agapetus I (Agapetus I, Saint) 535-536

Silverius (Silverius, Saint) 536-537

Vigilius 537-555

Pelagius I 556-561

John III 561-574

Benedict I 575-579

Pelagius II 579-590

Gregory I (Gregory I, Saint) 590-604

Sabinian 604-606

Boniface III 607

Boniface IV (Boniface IV, Saint) 608-615

Deusdedit (Deusdedit, Saint) (also called Adeodatus I) 615-618

Boniface V 619-625

Honorius I 625-638

Severinus 640

John IV 640-642

Theodore I 642-649

Martin I (Martin I, Saint) 649-655

Eugenius I (Eugenius I, Saint) 654-657

Vitalian (Vitalian, Saint) 657-672

Adeodatus II 672-676

Donus 676-678

Agatho (Agatho, Saint) 678-681

Leo II (Leo II, Saint) 682-683

Benedict II (Benedict II, Saint) 684-685

John V 685-686

Conon 686-687

Sergius I (Sergius I, Saint) 687-701

Theodore 687

Paschal (Paschal (I)) 687

John VI 701-705

John VII 705-707

Sisinnius 708

Constantine 708-715

Gregory II (Gregory II, Saint) 715-731

Gregory III (Gregory III, Saint) 731-741

Zacharias (Zacharias, Saint) (Zachary) 741-752

Stephen (II)³ 752

Stephen II (or III)³ 752-757

Paul I (Paul I, Saint) 757-767

Constantine (II) 767-768

Philip 768

Stephen III (or IV)³ 768-772

Adrian I 772-795

Leo III (Leo III, Saint) 795-816

Stephen IV (or V)³ 816-817

Paschal I (Paschal I, Saint) 817-824

Eugenius II 824-827

Valentine 827

Gregory IV 827-844

John 844

Sergius II 844-847

Leo IV (Leo IV, Saint) 847-855

Benedict III 855-858

Anastasius (Anastasius the Librarian) (Anastasius the Librarian) 855

Nicholas I (Nicholas I, Saint) 858-867

Adrian II 867-872

John VIII 872-882

Marinus I 882-884

Adrian III 884-885

Stephen V (or VI)³ 885-891

Formosus 891-896

Boniface VI 896

Stephen VI (or VII)³ 896-897

Romanus 897

Theodore II 897

John IX 898-900

Benedict IV 900-903

Leo V 903

Christopher 903-904

Sergius III 904-911

Anastasius III 911-913

Lando 913-914

John X 914-928

Leo VI 928

Stephen VII (or VIII)³ 929-931

John XI 931-935

Leo VII 936-939

Stephen VIII (or IX)³ 939-942

Marinus II 942-946

Agapetus II 946-955

John XII 955-964

Leo VIII⁴ 963-965

Benedict V⁴ 964-966

John XIII 965-972

Benedict VI 973-974

Boniface VII (1st time) 974

Benedict VII 974-983

John XIV 983-984

Boniface VII (2nd time) 984-985

John XV (or XVI)⁵ 985-996

Gregory V 996-999

John XVI (or XVII)⁵ 997-998

Sylvester II 999-1003

John XVII (or XVIII)⁵ 1003

John XVIII (or XIX)⁵ 1004-09

Sergius IV 1009-12

Gregory (VI) 1012

Benedict VIII 1012-24

John XIX (or XX)⁵ 1024-32

Benedict IX (1st time) 1032-44

Sylvester III⁶ 1045

Benedict IX (2nd time) 1045

Gregory VI 1045-46

Clement II 1046-47

Benedict IX (3rd time) 1047-48

Damasus II 1048

Leo IX 1049-54

Victor II 1055-57

Stephen IX (or X)³ 1057-58

Benedict X 1058-59

Nicholas II 1059-61

Alexander II 1061-73

Honorius (II) 1061-72

Gregory VII 1073-85

Clement (III) 1080-1100

Victor III 1086-87

Urban II 1088-99

Paschal II 1099-1118

Theodoric 1100-02

Albert (also called Aleric) 1102

Sylvester (IV) 1105-11

Gelasius II 1118-19

Gregory (VIII) 1118-21

Calixtus II (Callistus) 1119-24

Honorius II 1124-30

Celestine (II) 1124

Innocent II 1130-43

Anacletus (II) 1130-38

Victor (IV) 1138

Celestine II 1143-44

Lucius II 1144-45

Eugenius III 1145-53

Anastasius IV 1153-54

Adrian IV 1154-59

Alexander III 1159-81

Victor (IV) 1159-64

Paschal (III) 1164-68

Calixtus (III) 1168-78

Innocent (III) 1179-80

Lucius III 1181-85

Urban III 1185-87

Gregory VIII 1187

Clement III 1187-91

Celestine III 1191-98

Innocent III 1198-1216

Honorius III 1216-27

Gregory IX 1227-41

Celestine IV 1241

Innocent IV 1243-54

Alexander IV 1254-61

Urban IV 1261-64

Clement IV 1265-68

Gregory X 1271-76

Innocent V 1276

Adrian V 1276

John XXI⁵ 1276-77

Nicholas III 1277-80

Martin IV⁷ 1281-85

Honorius IV 1285-87

Nicholas IV 1288-92

Celestine V (Celestine V, Saint) 1294

Boniface VIII 1294-1303

Benedict XI (Benedict XI, Blessed) 1303-04

Clement V (at Avignon from 1309) 1305-14

John XXII⁵ (at Avignon) 1316-34

Nicholas (V) (at Rome) 1328-30

Benedict XII (at Avignon) 1334-42

Clement VI (at Avignon) 1342-52

Innocent VI (at Avignon) 1352-62

Urban V (Urban V, Blessed) (at Avignon) 1362-70

Gregory XI (at Avignon, then Rome from 1377) 1370-78

Urban VI 1378-89

Clement (VII) (at Avignon) 1378-94

Boniface IX 1389-1404

Benedict (XIII) (at Avignon) 1394-1423

Innocent VII 1404-06

Gregory XII 1406-15

Alexander (V) (at Bologna) 1409-10

John (XXIII) (at Bologna) 1410-15

Martin V⁷ 1417-31

Clement (VIII) 1423-29

Eugenius IV 1431-47

Felix (V) (Amadeus VIII) (also called Amadeus VIII of Savoy) 1439-49

Nicholas V 1447-55

Calixtus III (Callistus) 1455-58

Pius II 1458-64

Paul II 1464-71

Sixtus IV 1471-84

Innocent VIII 1484-92

Alexander VI 1492-1503

Pius III 1503

Julius II 1503-13

Leo X 1513-21

Adrian VI 1522-23

Clement VII 1523-34

Paul III 1534-49

Julius III 1550-55

Marcellus II 1555

Paul IV 1555-59

Pius IV 1559-65

Pius V (Pius V, Saint) 1566-72

Gregory XIII 1572-85

Sixtus V 1585-90

Urban VII 1590

Gregory XIV 1590-91

Innocent IX 1591

Clement VIII 1592-1605

Leo XI 1605

Paul V 1605-21

Gregory XV 1621-23

Urban VIII 1623-44

Innocent X 1644-55

Alexander VII 1655-67

Clement IX 1667-69

Clement X 1670-76

Innocent XI (Innocent XI Blessed) 1676-89

Alexander VIII 1689-91

Innocent XII 1691-1700

Clement XI 1700-21

Innocent XIII 1721-24

Benedict XIII 1724-30

Clement XII 1730-40

Benedict XIV 1740-58

Clement XIII 1758-69

Clement XIV 1769-74

Pius VI 1775-99

Pius VII 1800-23

Leo XII 1823-29

Pius VIII 1829-30

Gregory XVI 1831-46

Pius IX 1846-78

Leo XIII 1878-1903

Pius X (Pius X, Saint) 1903-14

Benedict XV 1914-22

Pius XI 1922-39

Pius XII 1939-58

John XXIII 1958-63

Paul VI 1963-78

John Paul I 1978

John Paul II 1978-2005

Benedict XVI 2005-

¹Until the 4th century the popes were usually known only as bishops of Rome.

²The higher number is used if Felix (II), who reigned from 355 to 358 and is ordinarily classed as an antipope, is counted as a pope.

³Though elected on March 23, 752, Stephen (II) died two days later, before he could be consecrated, and thus is ordinarily not counted. The issue has made the numbering of subsequent Stephens somewhat irregular.

⁴Either Leo VIII or Benedict V may be considered an antipope.

⁵A confusion in the numbering of popes named John after John XIV (reigned 983-984) resulted because some 11th-century historians mistakenly believed that there had been a pope named John between antipope Boniface VII and the true John XV (reigned 985-996). Therefore they mistakenly numbered the real popes John XV to XIX as John XVI to XX. These popes have since customarily been renumbered XV to XIX, but John XXI and John XXII continue to bear numbers that they themselves formally adopted on the assumption that there had indeed been 20 Johns before them. In current numbering there thus exists no pope by the name of John XX.

⁶Sylvester III is considered an antipope by those who believe that Benedict IX's forcible removal in 1044 was illegitimate.

⁷In the 13th century the papal chancery misread the names of the two popes Marinus as Martin, and, as a result of this error, Simon de Brie in 1281 assumed the name of Pope Martin IV instead of Martin II. The enumeration has not been corrected, and thus there exist no Martin II and Martin III.