town, Braşov (Brașov) judeţ (county), central Romania. It lies north of the Făgăraş Mountains, a range of the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathian Mountains), on the Olt River. First mentioned in documents in 1291, Făgăraş became a military centre during the Middle Ages. The Făgăraş Castle, built during the 15th century and now restored, is one of the outstanding examples of medieval Transylvanian architecture. The town is an important centre of the Romanian chemical industry. Pop. (2007 est.) 38,921.